Who sets each requirement for a recreational sailboat, and the official page where you read it. This page restates no rule: requirements depend on your boat, your waters and the date, so the source is the only safe answer.
Mostly federal. Transport Canada sets equipment, licensing and operator competency. Radio belongs to ISED, beacons to search and rescue, arrivals to the CBSA. Local restrictions apply on specific waters.
Transport Canada issues the Pleasure Craft Licence and runs the Canadian Register of Vessels; a boat carries one or the other. The licence page also announces upcoming changes for sailboats.
Registration gives the boat a title, a unique name and a way to record a mortgage. Transport Canada explains who must register and how to apply.
Transport Canada's page on buying a pleasure craft explains the hull serial number and the checks to make before you buy, alongside construction compliance.
The Small Vessel Regulations set it, and the Safe Boating Guide explains it in plain language by boat type and length. Note the edition you read.
Transport Canada sets proof of competency for recreational operators and explains how to obtain the card through accredited course providers.
ISED sets when a ship station needs a licence, assigns MMSI numbers and explains the Restricted Operator Certificate (Maritime) and where to obtain it.
Canadian-coded beacons, an EPIRB or a PLB, are registered in the Canadian Beacon Registry, which search and rescue uses to find the owner. Keep the entry current.
Transport Canada explains the vessel sewage rules for pleasure craft, and Ontario applies its own provincial rules on its waters.
Restrictions on specific lakes, rivers and harbours are listed in the schedules of the Vessel Operation Restriction Regulations. Check the waters you plan to use.
The CBSA sets when and how private boaters entering Canadian waters must report, and what happens when they do not.
Mainly Transport Canada, for equipment, licensing, registration and operator competency. ISED handles marine radio, the Canadian Mission Control Centre keeps the beacon registry, and the CBSA handles arrivals.
Because they depend on your boat, your waters and the date you read them, and they change. A copied list goes out of date without telling you; the official source does not.
Write each one on the reference page of your record: the authority, the page you read, and the date. Next season you check the source again rather than relying on memory.